Detailed explanation of violin playing skills and bow holding skills

The violin grip bow is divided into several parts, including the fingers of the right hand, wrist, forearm, elbow joint, upper arm, shoulder, and chest and back muscles. The cooperation of these parts together constitute the basic function of the right hand bow. In practice, we often do targeted exercises on the cooperative operation of several parts; but in performance, they will form a variety of motion structures according to different technical needs.

Violin bow skills

For example, the upper-half bow division mainly relies on the forearm for activities, while the natural jumping bow is mainly based on the wrist and cooperates with the fingers for movement, while the full bow requires the coordinated movement of the wrist, forearm, elbow joint and forearm. Therefore, the right-hand movement is divided into two structural movements according to the coordination of different parts. Shoulder arm and finger wrist movement.

Shoulder-arm movement

Due to the physiological structure of the right hand part, the right shoulder and arm can only perform the following three limited exercises:

1. The opening and closing movement of the forearm;

2. The rotation of the forearm with the elbow joint as the center;

3. The common feature of these three sports is the lever structure. At the same time, it is divided into two major lever structures: the shoulder lever, which not only supports and controls the main activities of the big arm, but also affects many movements of the forearm, hand and fingers through the joints of the arm. The forearm lever, which uses the elbow joint as the fulcrum, not only regulates and inherits power, but also bears the main power of bowing.

Finger wrist movement

It also consists of two levers. One is the palm lever with the wrist fulcrum as the main lever, and the other is the finger lever with the fulcrum of the root joint. Due to the many joints and the close structure, the coordination required for collaboration is very strong. There are 5 kinds of movements for finger wrist movement:

1. The vertical movement when changing bow and string;

2. The horizontal movement of the bow root and the bow tip when changing the bow;

3. The longitudinal rotation of the bow close to the fingerboard or bridge;

4. Directly affect the vertical rotation of the bowstring angle and contact;

5. The horizontal rotation of the bow root when changing the bow.

Call it the seesaw with the right hand forever. The cooperation of these seesaws together constitute the so-called "right-hand rudder movement."

Violin bow holding ability:

There are generally three ways to hold a violin bow: German style, French style and Russian style.

German style: The index finger is placed in front of the first, and the bow is pressed flat between the second section, and the thumb and middle finger are arranged closely relative to all the fingers.

Fabi style: Press the bow bar obliquely at the rear end of the second section of the index finger, with a distance between the index finger and the middle finger, with the thumb facing the middle finger.

Russian style: Index finger has two knots, three knots writes and wraps the bow, the index finger and the middle finger are very small. Karl Flesh himself believes that the Russian-style bow holding method is the most efficient. On the one hand, it keeps the bow at its maximum stability, on the other hand it is the most labor-saving. Because their argument focused on the contact position of the thumb, index finger, and little finger. Fully detailed and undisputedly explained that the key to the right hand shape and bow holding technique lies in these three fingers.

1. The support for the weight of the bow is almost entirely from the right thumb. When the bow leaves the string, what gives the bow upward support? It is the thumb! What is bearing the weight of the entire bow? It is the thumb! At the same time, the little finger plays a balancing role.

2. Without the support of the thumb, any bow-holding movement will fall apart. In addition to the weight of the bow itself, most of the pressure comes from the fingers, palms, and arms. In practice or performance, the right thumb also plays an important role in different timbre, sound quality, and volume changes.

3. When moving the bow. The pressure exerted by the four fingers holding the bow on the stem is changing. When the bow is going down (the direction of the bow is down to the upper half of the bow), the pressure of the fingers on the bow is biased toward the index and middle fingers; while the bow is going up (the direction of the bow is toward the root) the pressure on the bow is reduced. At the same time, in order to balance the bow, the grip of the bow should be slightly biased toward the little finger and ring finger. The right thumb supports the pressure of the fingers to hold the bow.

4. The index finger of the right hand is an important force point on the lever. The index finger affects the pressure of the bow on the string. The position and posture of the index finger (horizontal pressure, oblique pressure) will change the torque on the bow. Will have a great impact on the quality of the bow.

5. Little finger. It is mainly reflected in the function of the lower half of the bow and the pedestal, and its function is to maintain balance. Without the effect of the little finger, the bow cannot be pulled to the root of the bow.

Violin right hand type:

The right hand type varies from person to person, but for beginners, there must be a "reference object". The right hand shape should be determined according to the control of the fingers in the bow. To be harmonious. However, the hand holding the bow must not hold the bow in any way, but form a "seesaw" with the index finger, thumb, and little finger as the lever structure.

May wish to provide a reference object: the thumb and middle finger form a ring, the purpose of which is to trap (hold, hook, etc., etc.) the bow rod and not fall off from the hand. Some exaggerated performers have dropped their bows on the stage and framed them because they insisted that their thumbs were not aligned with their middle fingers. The second is to keep the right hand round, which can relax the right hand. In addition to the pressure and weight of the arm, the index finger must also coordinate with the movement of the little finger and wrist. The little finger mainly maintains the balance of the bow, eliminates excess force and gives the lack of force. The ring finger acts as an auxiliary to the little finger, which strengthens the consolidation of the bow.

The bow tip of the right wrist is always flat or lower than the back of the hand. The purpose is that the bow tip still maintains the bowstring angle. The center of gravity of the finger force is biased toward the index finger and the middle finger. The middle bow The middle bow must be balanced, the angle must be flat, otherwise it will touch the string... This is when the fingers of the right hand are all working. Arche roots a permanent topic: vertical. Raise your wrists and lower your elbows naturally. The pinky and ring fingers not only need to control the bow direction, but also offset the weight of the bow. At this time, the index finger can take the way of holding the bow to alleviate the difficulty of the bow root movement.